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SS521-AG-PRO-010 0910-LP-106-0957 Volume 1: Diving Principles and Policies Volume 2: Air Diving Operations Volume 3: Mixed Gas Surface Supplied Diving Operations Volume 4: Closed-Circuit and Semiclosed Circuit Diving Operations Volume 5: Diving Medicine and Recompression Chamber Operations 15 APRIL 2008 U.S. Navy Diving Manual REVISION 6 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE AND SALE; ITS DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED. SUPERSEDES SS521-AG-PRO-010, REVISION 5, Dated 15 August 2005. UBLISHED Y D IRECTION OF C OMMANDER , N AVAL S EA SY STEMS C OMMAND PAGE INTENTIONALLY For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 A SS521- A G-PRO-010 LIST OF EFFECTIVE P A GES Date of issue for original is: Original ..................................................... 15 April 2008 TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS PUBLICATION IS 992, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING: * Zero in this column indicates an original page . *Change No. Title Page ........................ Title Page-2 blank .................. A through B ....................... ................. ........... ................. .......... ...................... .......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................... ...................... ......................... ..................... Vol . 1 Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vol . 1 Title Page-2 blank ............. ................... ....................... ................... ........................ ................... ................... ........................ ................... ........................ ................... ........................ ................ ................. *Change No. ....................... ............................ ....................... ................. ...................... Vol . 2 Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vol . 2 Title Page-2 blank ............. .................... ....................... ............................ ....................... ................... ................... ................... ................... ................. ....................... 11-1 through 11-14 ................. ................. ....................... Vol . 3 Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vol . 3 Title Page-2 blank ............. .................... ........................ ............................. ......................... ............................. ........................ ................. List of Effective Pages Zero in this column indicates an original page *Change No. ................. ....................... ................. ....................... ................. ....................... .................. ....................... Vol Title Vol Title ............. .................... ........................ ............................. ......................... ............................. ........................ ................. ....................... ................. ....................... ................. ....................... Vol Title Vol Title ............. ........................ ................. ....................... ................. ....................... ................ ...................... ................. ....................... ................ ...................... ............ *Change No. PAGE INTENTIONALLY RECORD OF CHANGES CHANGE NO DATE OF CHANGE TITLE AND/OR BRIEF DESCRIPTION ENTERED BY PAGE INTENTIONALLY i Foreword PAGE INTENTIONALLY Prologue PAGE INTENTIONALLY TANDARD AV Y SY NTA Since this manual will form the technical basis of many subsequent instructions or directives, it utilizes the standard Navy syntax as pertains to permissive, advisory, and mandatory language. This is done to facilitate the use of the information provided herein as a reference for issuing Fleet Directives. The concept of word usage and intended meaning that has been adhered to in preparing this manual is as follows: “Shall” has been used only when application of a procedure is mandatory. “Will” has been used only to indicate futurity; never to indicate any decree of requirement for The usage of other words has been checked against other standard nautical and naval terminology S This Safety Summary contains all speci�c WARNINGS and CAUTIONS appearing elsewhere in this manual and are referenced by page number. Should situations arise that are not covered by the general and speci�c safety precautions, the Commanding Of�cer or other authority will issue orders, as deemed necessary, to cover the situation. Extensive guidance for safety can be found in the OPNAV 5100 series instruction manual, The WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, and NOTES contained in this manual are de�ned as follows: WARNING Identi�es or statement, which, if not strictly observed, could result in injury to or CAUTION Identi�es statement, which, if not strictly observed, could result in damage to or destruction of equipment or loss of mission effectiveness, or long-term An essential operating or maintenance procedure, condition, or statement, U.S. Navy Diving Manual WARNING Voluntary hyperventilation is dangerous and can lead to unconscious- WARNING Never do a forceful Valsalva maneuver during descent. A forceful Valsalva maneuver can result in alternobaric vertigo or barotrauma to the inner ear. (Page 3-2 WARNING If decongestants must be used, check with medical personnel trained in diving medicine to obtain medication that will not cause drowsiness and possibly add to symptoms caused by the narcotic effect of nitrogen. WARNING Reducing the oxygen partial pressure does not instantaneously reverse the biochemical changes in the central nervous system caused by high oxygen partial pressures. If one of the early symptoms of oxygen toxicity occurs, the diver may still convulse up to a minute or two after being removed from the high oxygen breathing gas. One should not assume that an oxygen convulsion will not occur unless the diver has been off WARNING CPR should not be initiated on a severely hypothermic diver unless it can WARNING Do not use a malfunctioning compressor to pump diver’s breathing air or diver’s the diver’s air supply. (Page 4-1 WARNING Welding or cutting torches may cause an explosion on penetration of gas‑�lled compartments, resulting in serious injury or death. (Page 6‑2 WARNING SCUBA equipment is not authorized for use in enclosed space diving. WARNING These are the minimum personnel levels required. ORM may require these personnel levels be increased so the diving operations can be conducted safely. (Page 6-31) WARNING WARNING the effect of decreasing pressure on the lungs which could cause an air WARNING During and diver-to-topside communications system and an EGS for the diver WARNING For submarine ballast tanks, the divers shall not remove their diving Chapter 4 , or the L.P. blower, for breathing. Tests of the air in the enclosed space shall be conducted hourly. Testing shall be done in accordance with NSTM 074, Volume 3, NAVSEA-S-6470-AA-SAF-010 for shore-based facilities. If the divers smell WARNING If the diving equipment should fail, the diver shall immediately switch to WARNING If job conditions call for using a steel cable or a chain as a descent line, WARNING The interval from leaving 40 fsw in the water to arriving at 50 fsw in the chamber cannot exceed 5 minutes without incurring a penalty. (See WARNING WARNING Table 9-4 cannot be used when diving with equipment that maintains a NAVSEA WARNING place. Ascents to these altitudes must be slow to allow acclimatization to occur and prophylactic drugs may be required to prevent the oocurrence of altitude sickness. These exposures should always be planned in Of�cer. procedures from NAVSEA 00C. (Page 9-5 WARNING Mixing contaminated or non-oil free air with 100% oxygen can result in a WARNING The interval from leaving 40-fsw in the water to arriving at 50-fsw in the chamber cannot exceed 5 minutes without incurring a penalty. (See WARNING The WARNING Failure to adhere to these guidelines could result in serious injury or U.S. Navy Diving Manual WARNIN emergency procedure requiring WARNING Hypoxia and hypercapnia may give the diver little or no warning prior to WARNING Failure to adhere to these guidelines could result in serious injury or WARNING Hypoxia and hypercapnia may give the diver little or no warning prior to WARNING The capability. Failure to adhere to canister duration operations planning could lead to WARNING Drug therapy shall be administered only after consultation with a Diving WARNIN The gag valve must remain open at all times. Close only if relief valve WARNING This procedure is to be performed with an unmanned chamber to avoid WARNIN Do not exceed maximum pressure rating for the pressure vessel. WARNIN Fire/Explosion Hazard. No matches, lighters, electrical appliances, or chamber. CAUTION When in doubt, always recompress. (Page 3-2 Do not institute active rewarming with severe cases of hypothermia. GFIs require an established reference ground in order to function properly. Cascading GFIs could result in loss of reference ground; therefore, GFIs or equipment containing built-in GFIs should not be plugged into an Procedures (OPs) from the appropriate equipment O&M technical manual. Prior to use of VVDS as a buoyancy compensator, divers must be CAUTION When Variable Volume be aware of the possibility of blowup when breaking loose from mud. CAUTION protective measure, and its use exposes the diver to hypothermia and restricts available bottom time. The use of alternative thermal protective equipment should be considered in these circumstances. (Page 11- Prior to the use of variable volume dry suits and hot water suits in cold and ice-covered waters, divers must be trained in their use and be thoroughly familiar with the operation of these suits. (Page 11- CAUTION There descent phase of the dive. Diving supervisors and divers should be aware that oxygen partial pressures of 1.6 ata or higher may be temporarily experienced during descent on N dives deeper than 120 fsw (21% oxygen diluent) and on HeO dives deeper than 200 fsw (12% oxygen diluent). Refer to paragraph 18‑10.1.1 for information on recognizing and preventing CNS oxygen toxicity. (Page 18-1 CAUTION De�brillation If the tender is outside of no-decompression limits, he should not be brought directly to the surface. Either take the decompression stops appropriate to the tender or lock in a new tender and decompress the patient and new tender to the surface in the outerlock, while maintaining Inserting an airway device or bite block is not recommended while AED’s are not currently approved for use under pressure (hyperbaric Acrylic view-ports should not be lubricated or come in contact with any lubricant. Acrylic view-ports should not come in contact with any volatile just compresses evenly about the view-port. Do not overcompress the PAGE INTENTIONALLY U.S. Navy Diving Manual Table of Content Page Table of Contents ISTOR Y .............................................................. 1 Purpose .............................................................. 2 Scope ............................................................... 3 Role ................................................... SURFACE-SUPPLIED AIR DIVING ............................................... 1 Breathing Tubes ....................................................... 2 Breathing ........................................................ 3 Diving ........................................................... 4 Diving ................................................... ....................................... Deane’s ................................... Siebe’s ................................... ................................ 5 Caissons ............................................................. 6 Physiological ................................................ 1 Caisson 2 Inadequate Ventilation .......................................... 3 Nitrogen .............................................. 7 Armored ................................................... 8 MK ............................................. SCUBA DIVING .............................................................. 1 Open-Circuit .................................................... 1 Rouquayrol’s .................................. 2 LePrieur’s ............................ 3 Cousteau Gagnan’s ............................. 4 Impact .................................... 2 Closed-Circuit ................................................ 1 Fleuss’ .................................. 2 Modern .................................. 3 Hazards ...................................... 4 Semiclosed-Circuit ............................................. 1 Lambertsen’s ............................ 2 MK .................................................. 5 SCUBA World War ........................................ 1 Diver-Guided Torpedoes ...................................... 2 U ....................................... 3 Underwater ........................................ U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page ......................................................... 1 Nonsaturation .................................................. 1 Helium-Oxygen .................................. 2 Hydrogen-Oxygen ...................................... 3 Modern ....................... 1‑4.1.4 MK ..................................... 2 Diving ......................................................... 3 Saturation ..................................................... 1 Advantages ................................ 2 Bond’s ...................................... 3 Genesis ............................................. 4 Developmental Testing ........................................ ............................................. 4 Deep ............................................ 1 ADS-IV .................................................... 2 MK ................................................ 3 MK ................................................ 4 MK ................................................ SUBMARINE SALVAGE AND RESCUE ......................................... 1 USS ........................................................... 2 USS .......................................................... 3 USS ........................................................... 4 USS ........................................................ 5 USS ....................................................... 6 Deep ..................................... SALVAGE DIVING .......................................................... 1 World War ..................................................... 1 Pearl ................................................ 2 USS .............................................. 3 Other ........................................ ........................................................ OPEN-SEA DEEP DIVING RECORDS ........................................... Y ................................................................ NDERWATER .............................................................. 1 Purpose .............................................................. 2 Scope ............................................................... ................................................................... Table of Content Page MATTER .................................................................... 1 Elements ............................................................. ............................................................... 3 Molecules ............................................................ 4 The ............................................... ............................................................. 1 Measurement .................................................. 2 Temperature .............................................. 1 Kelvin .................................................. 2 Rankine ................................................ 3 Gas ..................................................... ................................................................... 1 Conservation 5.2 Classi�cations ................................................. IN DIVING ..................................................... ............................................................ 2 Turbidity Water ...................................................... 3 Diffusion ............................................................. 4 Color Visibility ......................................................... MECHANICAL ENERG .............................................. 1 Water Temperature ............................................ 2 Water ................................................. 1 Diver Work .......................................... 2 Pressure Waves ............................................... 3 Underwater .................................................. 1 Type ........................... 2 Characteristics .................................... 3 Location 4 Water .................................................. 5 Distance 6 Degree ................................ 7 Estimating ........................... 8 Minimizing Effects ............................ HEAT ENERG .................................................... 1 Conduction, ................................... 2 Heat Transfer ................................................... 3 Diver Temperature ................................................ U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page ........................................................ 1 Atmospheric ................................................. 2 Terms .................................... 3 Hydrostatic .................................................. 4 Buoyancy .......................................................... 1 Archimedes’ ......................................... 2 Diver ............................................. .......................................................... 1 Atmospheric ...................................................... 2 Oxygen ............................................................ 3 Nitrogen ............................................................ 4 Helium ............................................................. 5 Hydrogen ........................................................... 6 Neon .............................................................. 7 Carbon ...................................................... 8 Carbon .................................................... ............................................... 2-11 GAS LAWS ................................................................ 2-11 1 Boyle’s ......................................................... 2-11 2 Charles’/Gay-Lussac’s ............................................. 2-11 3 The ................................................. ............................................................ 1 Dalton’s ........................................................ 1 Expressing .......................... 2 Calculating Value ............................ 2 Gas Diffusion ........................................................ 3 Humidity ........................................................... 4 Gases ..................................................... 5 Solubility ........................................................... 6 Henry’s ........................................................ 1 Gas Tension ................................................ 2 Gas .............................................. 3 Gas ............................................... NDERWATER Y .............................................................. 1 Purpose .............................................................. 2 Scope ............................................................... 3 General .............................................................. Table of Content Page THE NERVOUS S ....................................................... THE CIRCULATOR ................................................... 1 Anatomy ............................................................. 1 The .................................................... 2 The .............................. 2 Circulatory .................................................... 3 Blood ..................................................... THE RESPIRATOR ................................................... 1 Gas 2 Respiration ..................................................... 3 Upper Tract ........................................ 4 The ............................................... 1 The .............................................. 2 The ................................................... 4.5 Respiratory Tract Ventilation ..................................... 6 Alveolar/Capillary .......................................... 7 Breathing .................................................... 8 Oxygen .................................................. RESPIRATOR .......................................... 5.1 Oxygen ........................................... 1 Causes ........................................... 2 Symptoms ........................................ 3 Treatment ......................................... 4 Prevention ........................................ 2 Carbon .................................. 1 Causes ....................................... 2 Symptoms ..................................... 3 Treatment ..................................... 4 Prevention ..................................... 3 Asphyxia ........................................................... 4 Drowning/Near .............................................. 1 Causes .......................................... 2 Symptoms ........................... 3 Treatment ................................... 4 Prevention ................................... 5 Breathholding ..................................... 6 Involuntary ............................................ 1 Causes ........................... 2 Symptoms ......................... 3 Treatment ......................... 7 Overbreathing ................................................. U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 8 Carbon ............................................ 1 Causes ........................... 2 Symptoms ........................ 3 Treatment ......................... 4 Prevention ........................ MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE HUMAN BOD -BAROTRAUMA ......................................................... 1 Prerequisites .............................................. 2 Middle .................................................. 1 Preventing ................................. 2 Treating ................................... 3 Sinus ...................................................... 1 Causes ..................................... 2 Preventing ..................................... 4 Tooth 5 External ................................................. 6 Thoracic .............................................. 7 Face ................................................ 8 Inner ................................................. MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE HUMAN BOD --BAROTRAUMA DURING ASCENT ........................................................... 1 Middle ..................... 2 Sinus ............................. 3 Gastrointestinal ............................................. OVERINFLATION S ................................... 1 Arterial ........................................... 1 Causes .............................................. 2 Symptoms ........................................... 3 Treatment ........................................... 4 Prevention ........................................... 2 Mediastinal ............................... 1 Causes .............. 2 Symptoms ............ 3 Treatment ............ 4 Prevention ............ 3 Pneumothorax ....................................................... 1 Causes ...................................... 2 Symptoms ................................... 3 Treatment .................................... 4 Prevention ................................... Table of Content Page ....................... 1 Nitrogen .................................................... 1 Causes ................................... 2 Symptoms ................................. 3 Treatment ................................. 4 Prevention 2 Oxygen Toxicity ...................................................... 1 Pulmonary Toxicity .................................... 2 Central Toxicity .................... 3 Decompression ......................................... 1 Absorption ......................... 2 Bubble ............................................ 3 Direct Effects ......................................... 4 Indirect Effects ........................................ 5 Symptoms ........................... 6 Treating ............................... 7 Preventing ............................. THERMAL PROBLEMS IN DIVING ............................................. 1 Regulating Temperature ........................................... 2 Excessive ...................................... 1 Causes ....................................... 2 Symptoms ..................................... 3 Treatment ..................................... 4 Prevention ..................................... 3 Other Effects Water ....................... 1 Caloric Vertigo .............................................. 3‑10.3.2 Diving ............................................... 3 Uncontrolled .................................. 4 Excessive ..................................... 1 Causes ....................................... 2 Symptoms .................................... 3 Treatment .................................... 4 Prevention .................................... 3-11 SPECIAL MEDICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DEEP DIVING ................. 3-11 1 High ................................ 3-11 2 Compression ................................................ OTHER DIVING MEDICAL PROBLEMS ......................................... 1 Dehydration ......................................................... 1 Causes ........................................ 2 Preventing ....................................... 2 Immersion ........................................... 12.3 Carotid .................................................. U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 4 Middle ................................. 1 Symptoms .............. 2 Treating .................. 5 Underwater Trauma .................................................. 6 Blast ......................................................... 7 Otitis ........................................................ 8 Hypoglycemia ....................................................... .............................................................. 1 Purpose .............................................................. 2 Scope ............................................................... GENERAL INFORMATION ...................................................... 1 Document .................................................. 2 Equipment .................................. 2.3 System ....................................... 4 Planned ............................................ 5 Alteration ............................................ 1 Technical 2 Technical ............... 6 Operating ...................................... 1 Standardized .......................................... 2 Non-standardized ....................................... 3 OP/EP ........................................ 4 Format ...................................................... 5 Example ..................................................... DIVER’S BREATHING GAS PURIT STANDARDS .................................. 1 Diver’s .................................................... Diver’s Breathing Oxygen ............................................... 4- 3 Diver’s ................................................ 4 Diver’s ............................................... DIVER’S AIR SAMPLING PROGRAM ............................................ 1 Maintenance .............................................. 2 General ......................................... 3 NSWC-PC .......................................... 4 Local ............................................ Table of Content Page .................................................... 1 Equipment .............................................. 2 Air .................................................. 3 Lubrication .......................................................... ............................................................ 1 Selecting ......................................... 2 Calibrating ...................................... 3 Helical Tube .......................................... COMPRESSED GAS HANDLING AND STORAGE ................................. A DMINISTRATIO .............................................................. 1 Purpose .............................................................. 2 Scope ............................................................... ................. ............................... .............................................. ............................................. DIVER’S PERSONAL DIVE LOG .............................................. DIVING MISHAP/CASUALT ...................................... EQUIPMENT FAILURE OR DEFICIENC ............................ U.S. NAV .................................... ACCIDENT/INCIDENT EQUIPMENT INVESTIGATION REQUIREMENTS ................ 5-11 ...................................................... ....................................................... 12.1 Technical ............................. 2 Shipment ................................................ ISTANCES ............................................................ ............................................................ U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page ................................................................... DISTANCES ........... 1 General 1 Effects .......................................... 2 Suit .................................. 3 I -Water ............................. 2 Directions ............... POSURE TO LOW-FREQUENC .... POSURE TO ULTRASONIC SONAR GREATER) ................................................... ............................................................. .................................................... A ........................................................ PERATIONAL LANNING AND .............................................................. 1 Purpose .............................................................. 2 Scope ............................................................... OPERATIONAL TASKS ................................. 1 Underwater ....................................... 1 Objective ................................... 2 Repair ........................................... 6‑2.1.3 Diver Training ....................... 4 Training .................................. Ascent Training ................................... 2 Salvage/Object ................................................ 3 Search ....................................................... 4 Explosive ............................................. 5 Security ........................................................ 6 Underwater ................................................ 6‑2.6.1 Diver Training ....................... 2 Equipment ........................................ 3 Underwater ....................... 7 Demolition .................................................... ............................................... 9 Enclosed .................................................. Table of Content Page GENERAL PLANNING AND ORM PROCESS ....................................... 1 Concept ....................................................... 2 Risk Terms ................................................ 3 ORM ......................................................... ANAL E DATA ................................................. 1 Information ................................................... 2 Planning ......................................................... 3 Object ....................................................... 1 Searching .......................... 4 Data ..................................... 1 Surface ............................................. 2 Depth ..................................................... 3 Type .............................................. 4 Tides ........................................... OPERATIONAL HA ........................................... 1 Underwater Visibility .................................................. Temperature ........................................................ 3 Warm Water ................................................... 1 Operational 2 Mission ...................................... 4 Contaminated Water .................................................. 5 Chemical ............................................... 6 Biological 7 Altitude ....................................................... 8 Underwater ................................................. 9 Electrical .............................................. 1 Reducing .............................. 2 Securing .................................. 10 Explosions .......................................................... 11 Sonar .............................................................. 12 Nuclear .................................................... 13 Marine ......................................................... 5.14 Vessels Traf�c .......................................... 15 Territorial Waters ..................................................... Emergency ................................................ ................................................. 1 Factors Technique ..................... 2 Breathhold .......................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 3 Operational .................................... 1 Mobility .................................................... 2 Buoyancy .................................................. 3 Portability .................................................. 4 Operational 5 Environmental ..................................... 4 Operational ..................................... 1 Mobility .................................................... 2 Buoyancy .................................................. 3 Operational 4 Environmental ...................................... SELECT EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES ......................................... 1 Equipment ...................................... 2 Air .......................................................... 3 Diving ............................................. 4 Deep-Sea ............................... 5 Small ......................................................... SELECT AND ASSEMBLE THE DIVING TEAM ................................... 1 Manning ...................................................... 8.2 Commanding .................................................. 8.3 Command ............................................... 8.4 Watchstation ............................................. 5 Master ........................................................ 1 Master ................................... 6‑8.5.2 Master .................................... 6 Diving .................................................... 1 Pre-dive ...................................... 2 Responsibilities ...................... 3 Post-dive ..................................... 6‑8.6.4 Diving ................................................. 8 Diving ..................................................... 1 Diving ............................... 6‑8.8.2 Diving ................................. 3 Standby ............................................... 4 Buddy ................................................ 5 Diver Tender ................................................ 6 Recorder ................................................... ........................................... 8 Other ...................................... 9 Cross-Training ................................. 10 Physical ........................................... 11 Underwater ........... Table of Content Page 12 Blasting ............................................... 13 Explosive ........................................... 9 OSHA ........................... 1 SCUBA ................................. 2 Surface .......................... 3 Mixed .................................. 4 Recompression .......................... E AND SCHEDULE OPERATIONS ..................................... 1 Task .......................................... 2 Post-dive Tasks ...................................................... .................................................... 1 Establish ............................................ Tasks .......................................... 3 Review ............................................. 4 Assignment .............................................. 5 Assistance ........................................... 10.6 Noti�cation Ship’s ......................................... 7 Fouling ............................................... 8 Equipment .................................................... 1 Loss .......................................... 2 Loss ...................................... 9 Lost .......................................................... 10.10 Debrie�ng Team ............................................. 6-11 AIR DIVING EQUIPMENT REFERENCE DATA ................................... SCUBA A PERATION .............................................................. 1 Purpose .............................................................. 2 Scope ............................................................... REQUIRED EQUIPMENT FOR SCUBA OPERATIONS ............................... 1 Equipment ........................................ 2 Open-Circuit .................................................... 1 Demand ..................................... 2 Cylinders .................................................... 3 Cylinder Valves ........................... 4 Backpack ........................................... 3 Minimum ................................................... 1 Face ................................................... 2 Life ................................................. U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 3 Buoyancy ......................................... 4 Weight ................................................... 5 Knife ........................................................ 6 Swim .................................................. 7 Wrist Watch ................................................ 8 Depth ............................................... OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT FOR SCUBA OPERATIONS ............................. 1 Protective .................................................... ................................................... 2 Dry .................................................... 3 Gloves .................................................... 4 Writing ................................................ 5 Signal ................................................ 6 Acoustic ............................................ 7 Lines ............................................. 8 Snorkel .................................................... 9 Compass .................................................. 10 Submersible ........................... Y ............................................................... 1 Duration ................................................. 2 Compressed ................................ .................................. 4 Operating Tanks ........................... 1 Topping off ................................ ...................... .................................................... 1 Equipment ................................................ 1 Air ................................................ .................................. 3 Breathing ............................................. 4 Regulator .................................................. 5 Life ....................... 6 Face ................................................. .................................................. 8 Dive .................................................. 9 Snorkel .................................................... 10 Weight ................................................. 11 Submersible Wrist Watch ...................................... 12 Depth .................................... 13 Miscellaneous ..................................... 2 Diver ............................................. 3 Donning ....................................................... 4 Predive Table of Content Page WATER ENTR AND DESCENT ............................................... 1 Water ......................................................... 1 Step-In .............................................. 2 Rear ............................................ Entering the Water from the Beach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 ............................................ 3 Surface ................................................... 4 Descent ............................................................ UNDERWATER PROCEDURES ............................................... 1 Breathing Technique .................................................. 2 Mask ....................................................... 3 Hose .......................................... 4 Swimming Technique ................................................. 5 Diver ................................................ 1 Through-Water ......................... 2 Hand .................................... 6 Buddy 7 Buddy ............................................ 8 Tending ............................................................ 1 Tending ............................ 2 Tending 9 Working Tools ................................................... 10 Adapting ...................................... .................................................... 1 Emergency ..................................... 2 Ascent Vessel ........................................... 3 Decompression ...................................................... 4 Surfacing Water ........................................ ................................................... URFACE A PERATION .............................................................. 1 Purpose .............................................................. 2 Scope ............................................................... .......................................................... 1 Operation .............................................. 2 Air ............................................................ 1 Emergency ............................. U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 2 Flow ............................................ 3 Pressure ......................................... ................................................................ 1 Operation .............................................. 2 Air ............................................................ 1 EGS ........... 2 EGS Water .............. 3 Flow ............................................ ................................................................. 1 EXO .......................................................... 2 Operations ............................................. 3 Air ............................................................ 4 EGS ........................................ 5 Flow .......................................... PORTABLE SURFACE-SUPPLIED DIVING S ............................... 1 MK (LWDS) ............................... 8‑5.1.1 MK ..................................... 8‑5.1.2 MK ................................... 8‑5.1.3 MK ................................... 2 MK .................................... 3 ROPER ................................................... 4 Flyaway (FADS) ......................................... 5 Oxygen .............................. EQUIPMENT FOR SURFACE-SUPPLIED DIVING ..................... SURFACE AIR SUPPL ............................................. 1 Requirements ............................................ 1 Air .......................................... 2 Air Supply Flow Requirements .................................. 3 Supply ................................. 4 Water Vapor .......................................... 5 Standby ................................ 2 Primary ....................................... 1 Requirements ... 2 Air ............................................. 3 High-Pressure ........................... DIVER COMMUNICATIONS ................................................... 1 Diver ....................................... 2 Line-Pull ..................................................... Table of Content Page .................................................... 1 Predive .................................................... 2 Diving ............................................. 3 Air ................................................ 4 Line ..................................................... 5 Recompression ........................ 6 Predive 7 Donning ....................................................... 8 Diving ...................................... WATER ENTR AND DESCENT ............................................... 1 Predescent ............................................. 2 Descent ............................................................ 8-11 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES ................................................ 8-11 1 Adapting ...................................... 8-11 2 Movement .............................................. 8-11 3 Searching 8-11 4 Enclosed ................................................ 11 1 Enclosed ...................................... 11 2 Enclosed ............................. 8-11 5 Working ............................................... 8-11 6 Working Wreck ............................................... 8-11 7 Working .................................. 8-11 8 Bottom ...................................................... 8-11 9 Job .................................................. 11 .......................... 11 2 Working Tools ........................................... 8-11 11 1 Fouled ........................................ 11 2 Fouled 11 3 Falling ..................................................... 11 4 Damage ............................. 8-11 11 Tending .................................................... 8-11 12 Monitoring Diver’s ....................................... ..................................................... SURFACE DECOMPRESSION ................................................ 1 Disadvantages In-Water ................................ 2 Transferring ...................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page ................................................... 1 Personnel .............................................. 2 Equipment .......................................................... .............................................................. 1 Purpose .............................................................. 2 Scope ............................................................... Y OF DECOMPRESSION ................................................. ............................................ 1 Descent Time ......................................................... 2 Bottom Time .......................................................... 3 Total Time ............................................... 4 Total Time ...................................................... 5 Deepest ........................................................ 6 Maximum ....................................................... 7 Stage .......................................................... 8 Decompression Table ................................................... 9 Decompression ................................................ 10 Decompression .................................................... 11 No-Decompression .......................................... ................................................. 13 Decompression .................................................... 14 Surface ........................................................ 15 Residual ...................................................... 16 Single ........................................................... ........................................................ .............................................. 19 Residual Time .................................................. 20 Equivalent .................................................. 21 Equivalent Time .............................................. 22 Surface ................................................. 23 Exceptional .............................................. DIVE CHARTING AND RECORDING ............................................. THE AIR DECOMPRESSION TABLES ............................................ Table of Content Page GENERAL RULES FOR THE USE OF AIR DECOMPRESSION TABLES ................. 1 Selecting ..................................... 2 Descent ......................................................... 3 Ascent ........................................................... 4 Decompression Time ............................................... 5 Last Water ....................................................... 6 Eligibility ....................................... FOR NO-DECOMPRESSION AIR DIVES .......................................... 1 Optional Water Table ............................. THE AIR DECOMPRESSION TABLE .............................................. 1 In-Water ........................................... 2 In-Water ................................ 1 Procedures 2 Air .................................... 3 Surface .............................. 1 Surface ..................... 2 Surface ....................... 4 Selection .................................. ......................................................... ............................................. 2 RNT .................................................. ............................................. 4 Order .............................................. CEPTIONAL E ............................................ 9-11 VARIATIONS IN RATE OF ASCENT ............................................ 9-11 1 Travel ................................................. 9-11 2 Early 9-11 3 Delays .......................... 11 4 Delays ................... PROCEDURES ................................................. 1 Bottom Time Table ...................................... Water ...................................... 3 Contamination .................................. 4 CNS Toxicity Water ..... 5 Oxygen Water ......................... 6 Surface ................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 7 Decompression ........................ ................................... 9 CNS Toxicity ..................................... 10 Asymptomatic ................................... 1 No-Decompression .............................. 2 Omitted .................... 3 Omitted ................. 11 Decompression Water .................................... 11 1 Diver Water .................................. 11 2 Diver Water ....................................... DIVING AT ALTITUDE ....................................................... 1 Altitude ........................................... 1 Correction ...................................... 2 Correction ......................... 2 Need ................................................... 3 Depth .......................................... 4 Equilibration ................................................ 5 Diving ............................................ 1 Corrections In-Water .......... 2 Corrections .................................... ..................................................... ASCENT TO ALTITUDE AFTER DIVING / FL ING AFTER DIVING .................... PERATION ............................................................ 1 Advantages .......................... EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH .................................................... 1 Equivalent ......................................... GEN TO ......................................................... 1 Selecting .................................... ............................................... 1 NITROX ............................... 2 SCUBA ................................................... 3 Special ................................................... 4 Omitted ............................................... 5 Dives Working ................................ ................................................. Table of Content Page .................................................... ............................................... ................................................. 1 Open-Circuit .......................................... 1 Regulators ................................................. 2 Bottles .................................................... 2 General ............................................................ 3 Surface-Supplied ........................................ .................................................. BREATHING GAS PURIT ................................................... 10-11 ............................................................ ING, BLENDING, AND STORAGE S ......................... 11 ATER PERATION 11-1 ............................................................. 11- 11-1 1 Purpose ............................................................. 11- 11-1 2 Scope .............................................................. 11- 11-2 OPERATIONS PLANNING ..................................................... 11- 11-2 1 Planning ................................................... 11- 11-2 2 Navigational ............................................. 11- 11-2 3 SCUBA ................................................. 11- 11-2 4 SCUBA .................................................... 11- 11 1 Special ........................................... 11- 11 2 Octopus .............................. 11- 11-2 5 Life ........................................................ 11- 11-2 6 Face ........................................................... 11- 11-2 7 SCUBA .................................................... 11- 11-2 8 Surface-Supplied ...................... 11- 11 1 Advantages .......................... 11- 11 2 Effect ................................. 11- 11-2 9 Suit ........................................................ 11- 11 ................................................... 11- 11 2 Variable Volume ...................................... 11- 11 3 Extreme Water ........................... 11- 11-2 10 Clothing ............................................................. 11- 11-2 11 Ancillary ................................................... 11- 11-2 ...................................................... 11- U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 11-3 ..................................................... 11- 11-3 1 Personnel ............................................... 11- 11-3 2 Dive ........................................ 11- 11-3 3 Shelter .............................................................. 11- 11-3 4 Entry ........................................................... 11- 11-3 5 Escape ........................................................ 11- 11-3 6 Navigation ...................................................... 11- 11-3 7 Lifelines ............................................................. 11- 11-3 8 Equipment ................................................. 11- 11-4 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES ................................................ 11-1 11-4 1 Buddy ........................................................ 11-1 11-4 2 Tending .................................................... 11-1 11-4 3 Standby ....................................................... 11-1 11-5 OPERATING PRECAUTIONS ................................................. 11-1 11-5 1 General .................................................. 11-1 11-5 2 Ice ....................................................... 11-1 11-5 ................................................. 11-1 11-5 4 On-Surface ............................................... 11-1 11-5 5 In-Water ................................................. 11-1 11-5 6 Postdive ................................................. 11-1 11-6 PROCEDURES ................................................. 11-1 11-6 1 Lost .......................................................... 11-1 11-6 2 Searching 11-1 11-6 3 Hypothermia ........................................................ 11-1 11-7 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES .................................................. 11-1 ATER 1 Introduction ......................................................... ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. LE’S LAW ............................................................. Table of Content Page -LUSSAC’S LAW .............................................. THE GENERAL GAS LAW .................................................... DALTON’S LAW ............................................................ ’S LAW ............................................................ PERATIONAL ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. 3 Additional ........................................ 4 Complexity ......................................... 5 Medical ................................................ ESTABLISH OPERATIONAL TASKS ............................................ .................................... 1 Mixed ............................................. ................................................ 3 Depth .............................................................. 4 Bottom Time ............................................. 5 Environment ........................................................ 6 Mobility ............................................................ 7 Equipment .................................................. 8 Operational ............................................. 9 Support .......................................... 1 Types ............................................... 2 ROV ............................................ 10 Diver’s ..................................... 1 Gas ...................................... 2 Surface ........................... SELECTING AND ASSEMBLING THE DIVE TEAM ................................ 1 Diver Training ....................................................... 2 Personnel 3 Diver ........................................................ .................................................. ........................... ......................................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page .............................................. 1 Minimum .......................................... 2 Operational 3 Flyaway ........................ URFACE ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. PLANNING THE OPERATION ................................................. 1 Depth ............................................. 2 Ascent .................................................... 3 Water Temperature ................................................... 4 Gas ........................................................ 5 Emergency ............................................... SURFACE-SUPPLIED HELIUM-O GEN DESCENT AND ASCENT PROCEDURES ..... 1 Selecting .............................................. 2 Selecting ................................... 3 Travel Times ........................................... 4 Decompression ........................................ 5 Special ............. 6 Aborting ........................................... 7 Procedures ....... 8 Procedures ..................... 9 Air ............................................ 10 Ascent Water ...................................... 11 Surface .............................. 12 Variation ............................................. 1 Early ................................... 2 Delays ............................... 3 Delays ................. 4 Delays Travel . SURFACE-SUPPLIED HELIUM-O .............. 1 Bottom Time Table ...................................... 2 Loss .............................. 3 Loss In-Water ........... 4 Loss In-Water .................... 5 Loss Table of Content Page 6 Decompression ................................ 7 CNS Toxicity Water .. 8 Oxygen Water ........................... 9 CNS Toxicity Water ........ 10 Oxygen Water ........................... 11 CNS Toxicity Water . 12 Oxygen Water ....................... 13 Oxygen Toxicity ............................... 14 Surface .................................. 15 Asymptomatic .................................. 1 Omitted ................. 16 Symptomatic ................................... 17 Light ............................... 1 Initial .......................................... 2 Vertigo ................................................... 18 Unconscious ...................................... 19 Decompression Water ................................... 1 Decompression ..................... 2 Decompression ................. 20 Decompression ....................... CHARTING SURFACE SUPPLIED HELIUM O ....................... 1 Charting ............................................... DIVING AT ALTITUDE ...................................................... ATURATION ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. APPLICATIONS ............................................................ BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SATURATION DIVE S ......................... 1 Personnel Transfer ............................................ 1 Gas ............................................... 2 PTC ...................... 3 PTC ...................................... 4 Electrical ............................................ ...................................... 6 Strength, Power, 7 PTC .......................................... 8 Diver Water ....................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 2 Deck .................................... 1 DDC ................................ 2 Sanitary ............................................. 3 Fire ...................................... 4 Main ................................... 5 Gas ................................. 3 PTC ................................................ 1 Handling ................................ 4 Saturation .................................. U.S. NAV SATURATION FACILITIES .......................................... 1 Navy City, ..................... 2 Naval ...... ............................................................ THERMAL PROTECTION S ............................................. 1 Diver ....................................................... 2 Inspired ................................................. SATURATION DIVING UNDERWATER BREATHING APPARATUS ................... UBA GAS USAGE .......................................................... 8.1 Speci�c ....................................................... 2 Emergency ....................................... 3 Gas .................................................... ........................................................... OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS ........................................... 1 Dive Team ................................................. 2 Mission Training .................................................... 15-11 SELECTION OF STORAGE DEPTH ........................................... ................................................................ 1 Command ................................................ 2 Master ..................................................... 15‑12.2.1 Modi�cations .............................................. 2 Elements ................................................. 3 Chamber ...................................... ....................................................... 5 Machinery ...................................... 6 Operational ......................................... 7 Emergency .......................................... 8 Individual ............................................... Table of Content Page ............................................................... DDC AND PTC ATMOSPHERE CONTROL ...................................... Y REQUIREMENTS .............................................. 1 UBA .......................................................... 2 Emergency .................................................... Treatment ................................................... ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL ................................................ ONE CONSIDERATIONS .............................................. ................................................................ 1 Personal ................................................... 2 Prevention .................................... 3 Chamber ................................................ 4 Food ........................................ ATMOSPHERE QUALIT .......................................... 1 Gaseous 2 Initial .................................................... 1 Establishing ............................ 2 Compression ......................................... 3 Precautions ....................................... 4 Abort .................................. STORAGE DEPTH ......................................................... 1 Excursion Table ............................................ 2 PTC ............................................... 1 PTC .................................. DEEP DIVING S ...................... 1 Loss ................................... 1 Loss ...................................... 2 Loss ................................ 3 Atmosphere ................................... .................................. 5 Loss Temperature .................................. 2 Loss ................................................ 3 Fire ..................................................... 4 PTC ................................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page SATURATION DECOMPRESSION ............................................ 1 Upward ............................................. 2 Travel ........................................................ 3 Post-Excursion ................................................. 4 Rest ......................................................... 5 Saturation ...................................... 6 Atmosphere .................................. 7 Saturation .......................................... 1 Emergency .......................................... 2 Emergency .................................. 8 Decompression ........................................ 1 Type ............................... 2 Type ............................... .................................................. REATHING ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. ...................................................... ............................................. 2 Ideal-Gas 3 Adjustment ....................................... 1 Increasing .............................. 2 Reducing ............................... 4 Contin ............................................... 5 Mixing Volume .................................................... 6 Mixing Weight ..................................................... GAS ANAL ............................................................ 1 Instrument .................................................. 2 Techniques ............................. ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. Table of Content Page PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION ................................................. 1 Diving ........................................................ 2 Advantages .............................. 3 Recirculation ................................ 1 Recirculating ............................................ 2 Full .............................................. 3 Carbon ...................................... Assembly ......................................... 5 Recirculation ......................................... 6 Gas ........................... .......................................... 1 Housing ..................................................... 2 Recirculation ................................................. 1 Closed-Circuit ................................... 2 Scrubber .......................................... 3 Pneumatics .................................................. 4 Electronics ................................................... 1 Oxygen ............................................. 2 Oxygen ............................................. 3 Displays ................................................... OPERATIONAL PLANNING ................................................... 1 Operating ................................................. 1 Oxygen ...................................... 2 Diluent ...................................... 3 Canister ............................................ 4 Thermal ........................................... 2 Equipment ............................................. 1 Distance .............................................. 2 Standby .............................................. 3 Lines ..................................................... 4 Marking ............................................ 5 Diver .......................................... 6 Depth Gauge/Wrist Watch .................................... 3 Recompression ................................ 4 Ship ........................................................ 5 Operational ........................................... ................................................... 1 Diving ............................................... 2 Diving .............................................. WATER ENTR AND DESCENT .............................................. U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page UNDERWATER PROCEDURES ............................................... 1 General .................................................. 2 At .......................................................... .................................................... .................................................. ........................................... 1 Rules Tables ............................................... 2 PPO Variances ..................................................... 17-10 3 ..................................... 17-2 1 Emergency Decompression on Air .............................. 4 Asymptomatic .................................. 5 Symptomatic ................................... 17-11 MEDICAL ASPECTS OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT MI ..................... 17-11 1 Central Toxicity ........................... 11 1 Causes Toxicity ............................... 11 2 Symptoms Toxicity ............................. 11 3 Treatment ......................... 11 4 Treatment ............................ 11 5 Prevention Toxicity ............................. 11 6 Off-Effect ................................................. 17-11 2 Pulmonary Toxicity ............................................ 17-11 .......................................... 11 1 Causes .......................................... 11 2 Symptoms ....................................... 11 3 Treating ........................................... 11 4 Treatment ............. 17-11 4 Carbon Toxicity ................................... 11 1 Causes ...................................... 11 2 Symptoms .................................... 11 3 Treating ........................................ 11 4 Prevention .................................... 17-11 5 Chemical .................................................... 11 1 Causes .................................... 11 2 Symptoms .................................. 11 3 Management ............................ 11 4 Prevention ................................. 17-11 6 Decompression Water ................................... 11 1 Diver Water .................................... 11 2 Diver Water ...................................... 17-11 Altitude .......................... DATA .......................... Table of Content Page ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. OPERATIONAL PLANNING ................................................... 1 Operating ................................................. 1 Oxygen ...................................... 2 Effect Water .................. 3 Diluent ...................................... 4 Canister ............................................ 2 Equipment .............................................. ................................................. 2 Buddy ................................................ 3 Distance ............................................... 4 Standby ............................................... 5 Tending ............................................... 6 Marking ............................................. 7 Diver ........................................... 8 Depth Gauge/Wrist Watch ..................................... Thermal Protection ............................................. 18- Approved Life Preserver or Buoyancy Compensator (BC) ............. 18- 11 Full ........................................ 12 Emergency ............................. 3 Recompression ................................. 4 Diving .................................... 1 EOD .............................. 2 Diving ............................................. 5 Ship ......................................................... 6 Operational ............................................ .................................................... 1 Diving ................................................ 2 Diving ............................................... ................................................................ UNDERWATER PROCEDURES ............................................... 1 General .................................................. 2 At .......................................................... ................................................... ........................................... 1 Monitoring .................................................... 2 Rules Tables ...................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 3 PPO Variances ..................................................... 4 Emergency .................................... 1 EBS 2 EBS ...................................... MULTI-DA ........................................................ ALTITUDE DIVING PROCEDURES AND FL ING AFTER DIVING ................... .................................................. 18-11 MEDICAL ASPECTS OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT MI ..................... 18-11 1 Central Toxicity ........................... 18-11 1 Causes Toxicity ............................... 18-11 2 Symptoms Toxicity ............................. 18-11 3 Treatment .......................... 18-11 4 Treatment ............................ 18-11 5 Prevention Toxicity ............................. 18-11 6 Off-Effect ................................................. 18-11 2 Pulmonary Toxicity ............................................ 11.3 Oxygen .......................................... 18-11 1 Causes .......................................... 18-11 2 Symptoms ....................................... 18-11 3 Treating ........................................... 18-11 4 Treatment ............. 18-11 4 Carbon Toxicity ................................... 18-11 1 Causes ...................................... 18-11 2 Symptoms .................................... 18-11 3 Treating ........................................ 18-11 4 Prevention .................................... 18-11 5 Chemical ..................................................... 18-11 1 Causes .................................... 18-11 2 Symptoms .................................. 18-11 3 Management ............................ 18-11 4 Prevention ................................. 18-11 6 Omitted .............................................. 18-11 1 At ................................................. 18-11 2 Deeper ......................................... 18-11 3 Deeper Available .......... 18-11 4 Evidence ...... 18-11 7 Decompression Water ................................... 18-11 1 Diver Water .................................... 18-11 2 Diver Water ...................................... ATA .......................... Table of Content Page UBA D ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. MEDICAL ASPECTS OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT O ....................... 1 Central Toxicity ............................ 1 Causes Toxicity ................................ 2 Symptoms Toxicity .............................. 3 Treatment ........................... 4 Treatment ............................. 5 Off-Effect .................................................. 2 Pulmonary Toxicity ............................................. 2.3 Oxygen ........................................... 1 Causes .......................... 2 MK .................................. 3 Underwater ........................................... 4 Symptoms ........................................ 5 Treatment ......................................... 4 Carbon Toxicity .................................... 1 Symptoms ..................................... 2 Treating ......................................... 3 Prevention ..................................... 5 Chemical ...................................................... 1 Causes ..................................... 2 Symptoms ................................... 3 Treatment ............................... 4 Prevention .................................. 6 Middle ................................. 1 Causes ................ 2 Symptoms .............. 3 Treating .................. 4 Prevention .............. .................................................................... 1 Gas ....................................................... 1 Breathing ............................................. 2 Operational ................................... 1 Oxygen .............................................. 2 Canister ............................................ 3 Packing ................................................. 4 Preventing .............................. ................................ 1 Transit Table ...................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 2 Single-Depth Table .............................. 3 Oxygen Testing ......................................... 4 Individual .............................. 5 Transit ........................................... 19‑4.5.1 Transit ......................... 2 Transit .................................. 3 Inadvertent ....................................... 6 Single-Depth .................................................. 19‑4.6.1 Single ................................ 2 Depth/Time .......................................... 7 Exposure ............................. 19‑4.7.1 De�nitions ......................... 2 Off-Oxygen ......................... 8 Exposure ........... 1 Mixed-Gas ................................... 2 Oxygen ................................... 9 Oxygen ....................................... 10 Flying ............................................ 11 Combat .................................................. OPERATIONS PLANNING ................................................... 1 Operating ................................................ 2 Maximizing ......................................... 3 Training ........................................................... 4 Personnel 5 Equipment ............................................. 6 Predive ................................................. ................................................... 1 Equipment ............................................... 2 Diving ............................................... 3 Diving .............................................. 1 First ................................................ 2 Second ............................................. WATER ENTR AND DESCENT .............................................. 1 Purge .................................................... 2 Avoiding ....................................... UNDERWATER PROCEDURES ............................................... 1 General .................................................. 2 UBA .......................................... Table of Content Page .................................................... POSTDIVE PROCEDURES AND DIVE DOCUMENTATION ......................... IAGNOSIS AND REATMENT OF ICKNESS AND ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. 3 Diving Supervisor’s ...................................... 4 Prescribing Treatments .................................... 5 When Treatment ....................................... 6 Emergency ............................................... ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM .................................................. 1 Diagnosis ...................................... 1 Symptoms ........................................... 2 Treating ......................................... 3 Resuscitation ....................................... ................................................ 1 Diagnosis .................................... 2 Symptoms Type .............................. ............................ 2 Cutaneous ................................... 3 Lymphatic ......................................... 3 Treatment Type .............................. 4 Symptoms Type ............................. 1 Neurological ....................................... 2 Inner ............................... 3 Cardiopulmonary .......................... 4 Differentiating ..................... 5 Treatment Type .............................. 6 Decompression Water .................................... 7 Symptomatic .................................... 8 Altitude ........................................ 1 Joint Treatment ......................................... 2 Other ....................... RECOMPRESSION TREATMENT FOR DIVING DISORDERS ........................ Primary Objectives .................................................... 20- 2 Guidance Treatment U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 3 Recompression Treatment Available ....................... 1 Recompression Treatment ......................... 2 Recompression Treatments Available .......... 4 Recompression Treatment Available ....... 1 Transporting ....................................... 2 In-Water ...................................... TREATMENT TABLES ...................................................... 1 Air Treatment Tables ................................................. Treatment Table .................................................... 20-1 3 Treatment Table ................................................... 4 Treatment Table .................................................. 5 Treatment Table .................................................. 6 Treatment Table ................................................... 1 Decompression ............................................ 2 Tenders .................................................. 3 Preventing .......................... 4 Oxygen 5 Sleeping, ................................. 6 Ancillary .............................................. 7 Life ............................................... 7 Treatment Table ................................................... 8 Treatment Table ................................................... RECOMPRESSION TREATMENT FOR NON-DIVING DISORDERS .................. RECOMPRESSION CHAMBER LIFE-SUPPORT CONSIDERATIONS ................ 1 Minimum ....................................... 2 Optimum ....................................... 1 Additional ........................................ 20‑7.2.2 Required ................. 3 Oxygen ..................................................... 4 Carbon ............................................... 1 Carbon .................................... Carbon Dioxide Scrubbing ...................................... 20-2 3 Carbon .................................... 5 Temperature ................................................. 1 Patient ........................................... 6 Chamber Ventilation ................................................. 7 Access 8 Inside Tenders ...................................................... 1 Inside Tender ................................. 2 DMO Tender ................................... 20‑7.8.3 Use Tender .................... 4 Non-Diver Tender .............................. Table of Content Page 5 Specialized ..................................... 6 Inside Tender ............................... 7 Tending .......................................... 9 Equalizing ............................................ 10 Use ............................................ 11 Oxygen Toxicity Treatment ...................................... 11 1 Central Toxicity ........................ 11 2 Pulmonary Toxicity ................................... 12 Loss Treatment ...................................... 1 Compensation ............................................. 2 Switching Treatment Table ............................... 13 Treatment ................................................. POST-TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS ....................................... 1 Post-Treatment ..................................... 2 Post-Treatment Transfer .............................................. 3 Flying Treatments ............................................... 1 Emergency .................................... 4 Treatment ....................................... ........................ NON-STANDARD TREATMENTS ............................................. RECOMPRESSION TREATMENT ABORT PROCEDURES ......................... 1 Death Treatment .............................................. 2 Impending ........................ 20-11 CARE AND ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENTS ............................ 20-11 1 Decompression ............................................. 11 1 Surface ............................................ 11 2 Fluids .................................................... 11 3 Anticoagulants ............................................. 20‑11.1.4 Aspirin ............ 11 5 Steroids .................................................. 11 6 Lidocaine ................................................. 11 7 Environmental Temperature ................................... 20-11 2 Arterial ............................................... 11 1 Surface ............................................ 11 2 Lidocaine ................................................. 11 3 Fluids .................................................... 11 4 Anticoagulants ............................................. 20‑11.2.5 Aspirin ............ 11 6 Steroids .................................................. 20-11 3 Sleeping ................................................. U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ......................................... 1 Primary ................................. 12.2 Portable .......................................... 3 Advanced ................................... 4 Use ............................................... Modi�cation ................................ PERATIO ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. 1.3 Chamber .................................................. ............................................................. 1 Basic ........................................... ..................... Recompression .................................. 4 Standard ...... 5 Transportable ..................... 6 Fly Away (FARCC) .............................. 7 Emergency ........................ 8 Standard ................................................... 1 Labeling ................................................... ....................................... 3 Pressure ............................................ 4 Relief Valves ................................................ 5 Communications ...................................... 6 Lighting ............................................. STATE OF READINESS ..................................................... Y ............................................................. 1 Capacity .......................................................... OPERATION .............................................................. 1 Predive ................................................... .................................................. 3 General ......................................... 1 Tender ......................................... 2 Lock-In .......................................... 3 Lock-Out ........................................ 4 Gag Valves ................................................ Table of Content Page 4 Ventilation ......................................................... 1 Chamber Ventilation ...................................... 2 Notes Ventilation ................................. .................................................. 1 Postdive ................................................... 2 Scheduled .............................................. 1 Inspections ................................................ 2 Corrosion ................................................. 3 Painting ..................................... 4 Recompression ................ 5 Stainless .................................... 6 Fire ...................................... DIVER CANDIDATE PRESSURE TEST ......................................... 1 Candidate ............................................. 2 Procedure ........................................................ 1 References ............................................... AMINATIO ............................................................ INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF DIVING INJURIES .................................... NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT .............................................. 1 Mental ....................................................... 2 Coordination ............................... 3 Cranial ...................................................... 4 Motor .............................................................. 1 Extremity ........................................... 2 Muscle ................................................ 3 Muscle Tone ................................................ 4 Involuntary ....................................... 5 Sensory .................................................... 1 Sensory ........................................ 2 Sensations ................................................ 3 Instruments ................................................ 4 Testing Trunk ........................................... 5 Testing .............................................. 6 Testing 7 Marking ....................................... 6 Deep Tendon ............................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page A ............................................................ RESUSCITATION ........................................ CONTROL OF MASSIVE BLEEDING ........................................... 1 External ........................................... 2 Direct ...................................................... 3 Pressure ...................................................... 1 Pressure ................................ 2 Pressure ................. 3 Pressure .................. 4 Pressure ............................... 5 Pressure ................................ 6 Pressure Temple ....................... 7 Pressure ................................ 8 Pressure ........................... 9 Pressure ....................... 10 Pressure ................... .............................. 12 When .................................. .......................................................... 1 How ..................................... 2 Tightness ....................................... 3 After ................................. 4 Points ......................................... 5 External Venous ........................................... 6 Internal ..................................................... 1 Treatment .................................. ................................................................... 1 Signs .......................................... 2 Treatment .......................................................... A ............................................................ 1 Purpose ............................................................ 2 Scope ............................................................. PREDATOR MARINE ANIMALS .............................................. 1 Sharks ............................................................. 1 Shark ..................................... 2 First Treatment ....................................... Table of Content Page 2 Killer ........................................................ 1 Prevention ................................................. 2 First Treatment ....................................... 3 Barracuda .......................................................... 1 Prevention ................................................. 2 First Treatment ....................................... 4 Moray ......................................................... 1 Prevention ................................................. 2 First Treatment ....................................... 5 Sea .......................................................... 1 Prevention ................................................. 2 First Treatment ....................................... VENOMOUS MARINE ANIMALS ............................................... 3.1 Venomous ................. 1 Prevention ................................................. 2 First Treatment ....................................... 3.2 Highly Toxic ........................ 1 Prevention ................................................. 2 First Treatment ....................................... 3 Stingrays ........................................................... 1 Prevention ................................................. 2 First Treatment ....................................... 4 Coelenterates ....................................................... 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 Avoidance Tentacles ...................................... 5C‑3.4.3 Protection 4 First Treatment ...................................... 5 Symptomatic Treatment ...................................... 6 Anaphylaxis ............................................... 7 Antivenin .................................................. 5 Coral ............................................................. 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 Protection ...................................... 3 First Treatment ...................................... 6 Octopuses ......................................................... 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 First Treatment ...................................... 7 Segmented Worms ........... 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 First Treatment ...................................... ........................................................ 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 First Treatment ...................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 9 Cone ........................................................ 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 First Treatment ...................................... ........................................................ 1 Sea Effects ....................................... 2 Prevention ................................................ 3 First Treatment ...................................... 11 Sponges .......................................................... 11 1 Prevention ................................................ 11 2 First Treatment ...................................... POISONOUS MARINE ANIMALS ............................................. 1 Ciguatera ............................................. 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 First Treatment ...................................... 2 Scombroid ............................................ 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 First Treatment ...................................... 3 Puffer .......................................... 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 First Treatment ...................................... 4.4 Paralytic Tide) 1 Symptoms ................................................ 2 Prevention ................................................ 3 First Treatment ...................................... 4.5 Bacterial Viral ............................... 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 First Treatment ...................................... 6 Sea .................................................... 1 Prevention ................................................ 2 First Treatment ...................................... 7 Parasitic .................................................. 1 Prevention ................................................ REFERENCES FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ............................... li Page List of Illustrations 1-1 Early ................................................ 1-2 Assyrian ...................................................... 1-3 Engraving Halley’s .................................................. ......................................................... 1-5 Siebe’s ..................................... 1-6 French ............................................................... 1-7 Armored ............................................................ 1-8 MK .............................................................. Apparatus ............................................................. 1-10 Original ..................................... 1-11 Lambertsen Amphibious ................................... 1-12 Emerson-Lambertsen ........................................ 1-13 Draeger ......................................................... 1-14 Helium-Oxygen ................................................ 1-15 MK ......................................................... ..................................................... 1-17 Sealab .................................................................. 1-18 U Navy’s ................................................ 1-19 DDS Transfer .......................................... 1-20 PTC ............................................... 1-21 Recovery ...................................................... 2-1 Molecules ................................................................... 2-2 The ...................................................... Temperature 2-4 The ........................................................ 2-5 Objects ................................................ .............................................................. 7 Depth, ............................................ Heart’s ........................................... 3-2 Respiration ................................................. 3-3 Inspiration ............................................................ 3-4 Lungs Viewed ................................................ 3-5 Lung Volumes ................................................................ U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page Different Work ............................. 3-7 Gross ...................................... 3-8 Location ....................................... 3-9 Components ............................................. 10 Pulmonary ....................................... 3-11 ........................................................ 3-12 Mediastinal ...................................................... 3-13 Subcutaneous 3-14 Pneumothorax .............................................................. 3-15 Tension ....................................................... Tissues ......................................................... 3-17 Desaturation Tissues ....................................................... 5-1 U .......................................................... 5-2 Equipment ...................................... 5-3 Failure (NAVSEA ..................................... 4 Failure (NAVSEA .................................... 1A-1 Sonar Time .............................. 2 Sonar Time ............ 1A-3 Sonar Time ............ 4 Sonar Time ........... 5 Sonar Time ........... ............................................... 6-2 Salvage 6-3 Explosive 6-4 Underwater .................................................. 5 Planning ......................................................... Assessment ............................................ 6-7 Sea ............................................................. 8 Equivalent Temperature ......................................... .......................................................... 10 Bottom Effects ............................................ 11 Water Temperature ............................................. 12 International ................................................ 13 Air Techniques ........................................................ 14 Normal ........................................ liii Page 15 MK Two ............................................... 16 Minimum .................................. 17 Master Treatment ................................ 18 Standby .............................................................. ............................................ 6-20 Ship ........................................... 22 Emergency 23 SCUBA ................................................ 6-24 MK ........................................... 6-25 MK 26 EXO ................................................... 7-1 Schematic 7-2 Full ............................................................... 3 Typical ......................................... 7-4 Life ................................................................ 7-5 Protective .......................................................... 7-6 Cascading 7-7 SCUBA Techniques ..................................................... 7-8 Clearing ........................................................ 7-9 SCUBA ........................................................ 8-1 MK ........................................................... 8-2 MK ............................................................ 3 MK .................................................. 4 MK ................................................... 5 MK ................................................... 8-6 Flyaway (FADS) ................................................ 8-7 ROPER ............................................................... 8-8 Oxygen ........................... 8-9 Oxygen .................................... 10 HP ................... 8-11 Communicating ........................................... 8-12 Surface ...................................................... 9-1 Diving .................................................................. 2 Graphic View .......................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page ............................... .......................... ................ ...................... 7 Decompression ........................................ .................................................... .................................................... 9‑10 Completed ....................... ........................................... 9‑12 Completed .................... ....................... .................... 15 Diving ................................................... .......................................... ....................................... ............................................ ................................... 9‑20 Completed ............... 9‑21 Completed ............ 1 NITROX ........................................................ 2 NITROX ............................................... 3 NITROX .................................................. 10‑4 LP .................................. 10‑5 HP .................................. 11 1 Ice ........................................................ 11- 11-2 Typical Worksite ..................................................... 11- 13-1 Searching ............................... 13-2 Remotely Vehicle .................................... 13-3 Dive Team .................................................... 13-4 MK .......................................................... 13-5 FADS ........................................... 13-6 FMGS .............................................. 14-1 Diving ............................................................... ........................ ........................ lv Page Ascent .............................................. 15-1 Typical Transfer ...................................... 15-2 MK Water Water ........... 15-3 MK Water Water ........... 15-4 NEDU’s ......................................... 15-5 NEDU’s ................. 15-6 NEDU’s ................................... 15-7 Naval ............................ ..................................... 9 Saturation Treatment .......................... 1 Mixing ......................................................... 2 Mixing Transfer ............................................... 17-1 MK ..................................... 2 MK ..................................... 3 UBA Diver’s ..................................... 4 Underwater 5 Dive .................................................... 6 MK .......................................... 18-1 MK ..................................... 18-3 Emergency ................................................. 18-4 MK ...................................... ................................. ........................... 19-1 Diver .......................................................... 2 MK ........................................ 3 Gas .................................................. 19-4 Example Transit 20-1 Treatment ............... 20-2 Treatment Type .................................... 20-3 Treatment ............................................ 20-4 Treatment Table .......................................................... 20-5 Treatment Table .......................................................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Page 20-6 Treatment Table ......................................................... 20-7 Treatment Table .......................................................... 20-8 Treatment Table .......................................................... 20-9 Treatment Table .......................................................... 20-10 Treatment Table .......................................................... 20-11 Air Treatment Table ...................................................... 20-12 Air Treatment Table ...................................................... 20-13 Air Treatment Table ....................................................... 21-1 Double-Lock ...................................... 2 Recompression ...................................... 3 Recompression ...................................... 4 Double-Lock ...................................... ........................... 21-6 Standard ........................ 21-7 Transportable .......................... 8 Transportable ................................... 21-9 Transfer .......................................................... 21-10 Fly Away (FARCC) ..................................... 21-11 Fly Away ............................................ 21-12 Fly Away .............................. 21-13 Recompression ...................................... 21-14 Recompression ..................................... 21-15 Pressure Test ................................. 5A-1a Neurological ............................................. 5A-2a Dermatomal ............................. 1 Pressure ............................................................. 2 Applying ........................................................ 5C-1 Types ............................................................. 5C-2 Killer ................................................................ 5C-3 Barracuda ................................................................. 5C-4 Moray ................................................................. 5C-5 Venomous ............................................................. lvii Page 5C-6 Highly Toxic ............................................................ 5C-7 Stingray ................................................................... 5C-8 Coelenterates ............................................................. 5C-9 Octopus .................................................................. 5C-10 Cone ................................................................ 5C-11 Sea ................................................................ U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 PAGE INTENTIONALLY List of Tables Table List of Tables 1 Pressure ............................................................. 2 Components ............................................. 3 Partial ...................................................... 4 Partial .................................................... 5 Symbols Values ......................................................... 6 Buoyancy ........................................................ 7 Formulas ........................................................... 8 Formulas Volumes ........................................................ 9 Formulas ................................. 10 Pressure 11 Volume ............................................... 12 Length .......................................................... 13 Area ............................................................ 14 Velocity 15 Mass ........................................................... 16 Energy Work ................................................... 17 Power ........................................................... 18 Temperature ...................................................... 2-19 Atmospheric ............................................... 1 Signs Temperature ................................ 2 Signs ......................................................... 1 U Diver’s ............................................. 2 Diver’s ............... 3 Diver’s ............................ 4 Diver’s ............................ 5 Diver’s ........................... 1 PEL Table 2 Depth Table ....................................................... ........................................................ ........................................................... ................................................................. U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Table 6 Permissible AN/SQQ-14, 1 Sample ................................................... 1 MK Air ............................................... 3 Line-Pull ............................................................ ............................................. 2 Management Type ............................................. 3 Management ............................................... ........................... 6 Required ....................... 7 No-Decompression Air .................................................. 8 Residual Time Table ............................... Table ...................................................... 1 Equivalent Table .................................................... 2 Oil ................................................................. 1 No-Decompression .................................................. 2 Residual Time Table ................... 1 Average ....................................... 2 Equipment ........................................... 3 Mixed .................................................. 4 Surface Team .......................................... ........................................... 2 Management 3 Surface-Supplied Table ............................ 1 Guidelines Temperatures .................................................. 2 Typical Watch ........................................ 3 Chamber Time ......................................... 4 Treatment ........................................................... 5 Limits ............... 6 Saturation 7 Unlimited ................................... List of Tables Table 8 Unlimited ..................................... 9 Saturation .............................................. Times ................ 1 Average Absorbent ................ 2 MK .......................................... 3 MK ............................... 17‑4 MK .............................................. .............................. 6 No-Decompression ......................................... ...... 8 Management ............ 9 Closed-Circuit Table ............................................ 10 Closed-Circuit Table ............................................. 18-1 MK ........................................ ............................. 18-3a Flask Water Temperature ..................................... 18-3b Flask Water Temperature ..................................... 18-3c Flask Water Temperature ..................................... 18-3d Flask Water Temperature ..................................... 18-3e Flask Water Temperature .................................... 18-4 MK .......................................... ................................ 6 MK .............................................. 18-7 MK ........................................... 18-8 Initial ....... 18-9 No . . 18-10 Residual .......................... 18-11 Tables ...................................... 18-12 No 18-13 Residual ........................... 18-14 MK Tables ...................................... 1 Average ............................................ 2 NAVSEA-Approved Absorbents ............................................ U.S. Navy Diving Manual—Volumes 1 through 5 Table 3 Excursion ........................................................... 4 Single-Depth .......................................... 5 Adjusted ...................... 6 Closed-Circuit ........................................ 7 Diving ...................................................... 1 Rules Treatment ............................................ 20-2 Decompression ............................................................ 3 Guidelines ............................. 4 Maximum Times Various Temperatures ....................................................... 5 High Treatment .......................................... 6 Tender ........................................ 7 Primary ...................................................... 8 Secondary .................................................... 1 Recompression ............................................ 2 Recompression ................................ 1 Extremity Tests ...................................................... 5A‑2 Re�exes .................................................................. Index–1 Index Table(s) ................... ................................. ...................... ............................. ............................. ...................... ...................... ................................ .............................. ................. ....................... ................ .................... ................ .................... ................ ............................ ................... ............................... ....... ................. ............................. ............... ............ ...................... .................. ..................... ................................ ....................... .......................... .................... ................... ................ ..................... ............ ................................ ............... ................... ............................... ... ................. .......... ......................... ................................ ............... .................... .............. ........................ .............................. .............................. ....................... ........................ ............................... ....................... ............... Boyle’s ........................... ............................... ...................... .............................. ...................... ................... ......................... ............. ................ ....................... ........................ U.S. Navy Diving Manual .............. ......... .................... .................... ............ ............... ..................... ............................. ........... .... ............................... ............................. .............................. ............... .................... 11-1 .................... ........................... .................... .............................. ............................... ........... .......................... ................................... ......................... ............................... ........................... .............................. ......................... .............................. ............................. ................ ........................ Ventilation .................... ............................... ............................... Charles’/Gay-Lussac’s ................... Assistance ........... Assessment ...... ......... ......... .............. ................... ............... ........................... ............................ ............................ .......................... .................... ........................ .............................. ................ 11- ................. .......................... ....................... ............ ................ ............................. ............................. ............... 11- 11- ................... ............................. World War ........................... .................. .......... ........................... ......................... ........................ ............... ................... .... ......................... Index–3 ...................... ................... ............................ ................................. ............................ ........................ ............................ ..................... ........................... .............................. .............................. Two .............................. .............................. ......... ............... .......................... ................................... ......................... Jacques-Yves ................ .................... ............................... ............................. ....................... ................ Transportation ... ................ .......................... ................... ...................... .......... .... .............. ........................ off ............................. ........................... Dalton’s ......................... .............................. ..... ............................. ............................... ................ ................. ............................ ............................... ............................... ............................... ........................... ....................... Type ............................... Type ................... ...... ............................... ..................... Table ............................... ............................... ........................... .... ....... ................ ......................... ........................... ........................... ........................... ............................... ...................... ................... ............... .... ..................... ....................... ..................... ................ ............................... ............... ............................... ........... ............................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual Diffusion ........................... ................................. .............. ................ ................ ................... .................. ................. ...................... .... ...................... .............................. 11- 11- 11- Test ............... .............................. ......................... ........... ..................... 11- ....................... ................... ................ .................... ..................... .......................... ............................. .................. ...................... Deane’s ............... .......................... .................................. Siebe’s ............. ....................... ......................... ......................... ........... ....... .................. ........................ ................... ............ ............................ .................... ........ ........................... ................... .......................... ........................ ....................... ...................... ..................... 11- ......................... ........................... ...................... ............. ................... .............................. ....... .......................... .... ................... .......................... ................ ....................... ............... ............. .............................. ............................... ...................... ........ ....................... ............... ........................ .............................. ............... ... ....................... ................... ........... ...................... ............... ......... ............ Index–5 ....................... ................................ ...................... .................... ............................ ............. .................. .................... ....................... ............... ........................ 11-1 ...................... 11-1 ............. ........................ ................... ...................... ....................... ................................. ......................... ......................... .......................... .................................. ............................ effects ............... effects ......... ........................ ................................ ............................. 11- Assessment .......... ................ ....................... ....................... .................. .................. ..................... ............................. ............................. ........................ ........................... ........................ .................... ..................... ....... ....................... ........... 11- ........... ................ ................. ................... ........................... ..................... 11- ....................... ............................. ...................... ................ 11- .. ............. .............................. ............... ............................... ................ ................. ............................... ................................. ................... ...................... 11- ................ ............................... .................................. ..................... 11- .... ..................... Analysis ................................ ................................ ..................... ......................... .......... ................. ................... ....................... ......................... ........................ ....................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual ......................... ......................... .............. puffer .................... ................ .................. .......................... ....................... ...................... ............................ ......................... ........................ ....................... ................... ....... A ........................... ....................... Boyle’s ............................ ........................... Dalton’s .......................... ........... ............................. .......................... ...... ........................ ........................ .................. ........... ........... ........... ..... ............................. .............................. Boyle’s ....................... ........................... Charles’/Gay-Lussac’s ................ Dalton’s ..................... ................... Henry’s ...................... .......................... ................. ................................. ................... ......................... .............. diffusion .............................. ......................... ............................ ............. ................ ....................... ........................ .............. .............. ........... .............................. ..................... ...................... ............................ .......................... ............................. ........................... ........................ .......................... ............................. ............................ ..... .............................. ............................... ........... ............................... Halley, ............................. ............................... ................................... .... ............................ ............................ .................. ............. .............................. ......................... ............................ ........................... Index–7 ......................... .............................. .................... Henry’s ......................... .................... ............................... ............................. 11- ................... ........................... .............................. ........................ ..................... ......................... ................ ............................ ....................... ..................... ......................... ................. ...................... .............................. ........................... ............................. ............................ ..................... 11- .............. ..................... 11- ........................... diffusion ............................... effects ........................ .............................. ............................... .......... ............. ..................... ......................... ................................ ............................. .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ................................ ........................... ............................ ............................ ............................. ........................ .............................. ........................... ........................... ................................ ............................. .............................. .............................. ......................... ......................... ................................. ............................... .............................. ............................... ............................. ............................... ....................... .................... ..................... ....................... ........................ ..................... ...... .............................. Temperature ........................ ..................... ......................... ....................... ................................ .................... ......................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual ............ ....................... ............................ ............... .......................... .......................... ................... .................... ................... ..................... .............................. ............. Analysis .................. ..................... ................ .............................. .............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ................... Analysis .................. ........................ ................ ................ .............................. ............................. ............................. ......... Analysis .................. ........................ ................ .................... ................ Analysis .................. ..................... ................ ................................ ................................ ............................... ... ..................... 11- ................ ........................... .................... ........................... ......................... ..................... ................. ........................... ................... .......................... ........................ .................... ............................... ............................... Table ................................. ......................... ............... ................. ................... ................................... ............................... ................ ............................ ............................ ................ ....................... Analysis .................. ............................... ........................ ................... .............................. ............... ... ................ ....................... ................... ........... Index–9 ........................ ............................. ............................. ........................ ............... ............................. ............. ...................... ........ ..................... ....................... ........................... ......................... ....................... Assembly .... ............................... ........................ Pasley, ............................. ............. ................... ...................... ....................... ................................ ..................... 11- .............. .............................. ....................... ........................... ....................... ........... .................... 11-1 .................. ................. ....................... ...................... ................................. ............................... ............... ...................... .................... .................... ................ ........... ....... ..................... ................ ................. .............. ................ 11-1 ................... .................... ..... ............................. .............. ........ ................. ........................ ..................... ......... ................... ..................... .................... ................................. .............................. ........................... ............................ ............. ................................ ............................ ................... Puffer ....................... ................................. .......................... ................................. ............................... ................................ .................... ............... ........................... ........... ............ ...................... ....................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual ......... ..................... ................. ............................ ............................. ...... ............... .......... ............... diver’s .............. Analysis ............... ................... ............... ..................... .................... ....................... ...................... ............................ ......................... ................................. ............................. effect ................... effect .......... ............................. 11- ........................... .... ............................. ............................... ....................... ................... ............................... .................... ............................ ....................... ............................ ....................... ............................ ............ ............................. ............................... ............................... .. .............. ........................ Test ............................. ................................ ................... ........................... World War ........................... .......................... Two .......................... ................ ............................ ........................ ................. ......................... ........................ ................ Tables ....... ................... ............................. 11- .................. ........ ............................... ........................ ............ ................ ........................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ........................... Table ............... ................................. .............................. .................. .............................. .............................. .............................. ............................. ................... ................... .............................. Index–11 ................. ................................... .......... .............. .................. ............................... Augustus ............................... ....................... .... ................................. effects ................. ......................... ................ ............................ ............................ effects .................. effects ............. ............................ ........................ ............ ................................ ............................... ........................ ............ .................... 11-1 ......................... ................................. ............................ ........................ ............................. ............................... ....... .............................. .............................. ............................. .......................... Thresher .......................... ...................... ..................... 11- ..................... 11- .................... ..................... 11- ............................... ......... ..... ............................... ............................... ............... ............................ ............................... ................... ............................. effect ................. 11- ........ ..................... 11- ............................... ................ .... Technical ......................... ..................... Temperature ............... ........................... ................ ........... ......................... ............................ ......................... Tending .................... 11-1 ................... Territorial ............... ........................ ............................ Tides ............... Tinnitus ......................... Tools ...................... U.S. Navy Diving Manual Total ............................... Total ............................... ................................ Toxic ................................. Transfer .............................. Transportable ... Treatment Table ......................... Treatment Table ........................ Treatment Table ......................... Trigeminal ................. Trochlear .................. Turbidity ................................... ....................... ... ................... ....................... .................. effect ................... effects ........ effects ................... effects ............... ................... ...... ............... .............. ......................... ..................... .......................... 11-1 ........... ............. .......................... ................. .................. ....................... 11-1 .................. ................... ............ ... ............................. ............................ ...................... .............. Tables ........... ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. Thresher ............................. Vagus .................... Variable ..................... 11- Variations ................... Venomous ............................. Ventilation ................. Watchstation ................... Water ............................... ......................... ........................ ......................... Weight ...................... ................................. 11- ............... ............. Assistance ........... Assessment ...... ......................... ......................... ......... ................... Wrecks